To establish the importance of the equipment that is part of a laboratory and is indispensable, we must take into account its applications and usefulness within it; in the case of fluorometers, this apparatus allows the measurement of fluorescence parameters: its intensity and the distribution of wavelengths of the emission spectrum after excitation by a certain light spectrum.
It is widely used in chemistry, biochemistry, medicine and environmental control laboratories; it is capable of measuring the absorbance of all ingredients such as DNA, RNA, among others, from the sample at 260 nm; another application of our fluorometer is that it can measure 0.5 pg/ul which favors the measurement of DNA concentration.
What a Fluorometer measures
The function of this apparatus is to measure fluorescence spectrometry, that is to say, it allows to analyze the fluorescence of a sample through an electromagnetic spectroscopy, the fluorometer also known as spectrofluorometer, or fluorimeter, but, which is fluorescence, is a type of luminescence that is given to any type of sample as gaseous, liquid or solid substances.
These substances are capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation, and emitting some of that energy as radiation of a different wavelength than absorbed; such that, the wavelength emitted by a fluorescent substance is greater than that received, so the entire process duration of this technique is a few nanoseconds, so it is considered to be instantaneous.
Applications for fluorescent substances
These substances are used in different areas, the most common being in fluorescent tubes, where tubes contain within them Argon or Neon, and Mercury; where an entire process occurs in which visible wavelength luminescence occurs. Fluorescence is also applied in areas such as Analytical Chemistry, fluorescent substances can be detected.
We can find fluorescent substances in Medicine and Biochemistry, you can “tag” biological substances with a fluorescent chemical group, by a simple chemical reaction, you can also detect DNA, and study it; for the detection of petroleum, as it emits fluorescence in the range of brown to bluish, depending on its composition. There are also applications for the study of organic solvents where fluorescent substances are found. For these reasons in all these areas it is necessary to have a fluorometer.
Main parts of a fluorometer
- Radiation source: for requirements that must cover a greater spectrum of wavelengths, such as a Xenon lamp, or a laser.
- Excitation monochromator: allows you to select the appropriate wavelength for sample excitation
- Emission monochromator: in order to be able to analyze the emissions produced by the fluorescence of the sample.
- Photomultiplier: through which light waves will be received and transformed into a measurable number of “beads”, which will be related to the intensity of light.
Types of fluorometers
In general we can establish that there are two types, which are:
- Filter Fluorimeter: The use of these filters is used to isolate light incidence and fluorescence from light.
- Spectrofluorimeters: It uses a monochromator diffraction network is to isolate the incidence of light and fluorescence of light.
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